原文链接:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0921344920304134
图片来源于网络(侵删)
01、文章亮点
(1)探讨了公众对于微塑料的看法和态度。
(2)讨论了公众对于减少微塑料排放的意愿和影响因素。
(3)讨论了在全生命周期上减少微塑料排放的政策含义。
02、文章导读
微塑料几乎存在于环境的各个角落,它们对于人体健康和环境的潜在危害已受到公众和学界的广泛关注。仅在2018年,全球塑料产量就已达到3.59亿吨。这些塑料在满足城市化和经济发展需求的同时,也产生了大量威胁生态环境和人类社会的微塑料颗粒。在2014年首届联合国环境大会上,海洋塑料垃圾被列为全球十大环境问题之一。由于塑料的老化和分解,环境中的微小塑料颗粒会迅速堆积。微塑料是指粒径小于5毫米的微小塑料颗粒,可分为初级微塑料和次级微塑料。初级微塑料是指以颗粒形式直接排放到环境中的塑料颗粒。次级微塑料则是指通过大块塑料碎片破碎而产生的塑料颗粒。目前,在陆地、海洋,生物介质、人体,甚至北极和南极都发现了微塑料的踪迹。微塑料由于其体积小和表面积大的特点,从而具有很强的吸附污染物的能力。因此,微塑料可以将许多污染物带入环境,从而威胁到生态系统的稳定性。微塑料通过被海洋生物吞噬,开始在生物体内积聚,并进一步通过食物链进入人体,从而对人类的健康和安全构成潜在威胁。当前,并没有有效的技术手段来去除环境中存在的微塑料。因此,对于这个人为产生的环境问题(自然环境中本身没有微塑料的存在),有必要去了解公众对这个问题的看法并让全民参与到这个问题的解决中。
03、文章摘要
微塑料在人们的日常生活中无处不在,相关研究表明,目前在海洋环境、生物、各类盐甚至人体中均已发现微塑料的踪迹。社会上对于微塑料的生态影响以及其对于食品安全和公共卫生的威胁愈发关注。但是,目前尚不存在有效的技术手段来去除环境中的微塑料。因此,公众的态度对于减少微塑料的排放就显得至关重要。本研究调查了上海居民对于微塑料的看法和态度,并使用有序回归模型探讨了公众对于减少微塑料的意愿及其影响因素。研究使用随机面谈的方式完成了共计437份有效问卷。调查结果显示,只有26%的受访者在调查之前听说过微塑料,大多数人对于微塑料并不熟悉。尽管如此,当受访者得知微塑料可能影响人体健康时,有75%的受访者感到不同程度的担忧。当受访者对于塑料和微塑料的认知程度越高时,他们的行为意愿就越强烈。另外,公众的担忧也是其中一个重要的影响因素。研究结果还发现,女性减少排放的意愿总体上高于男性,并且环保领域的从业者更愿意采取行动。因此,本文基于公众对于微塑料的理解,提出了在微塑料生产和回收过程中减少微塑料排放的相关措施和政策建议。
图1. 受访者了解微塑料的途径
图2. 受访者对于微塑料的了解程度
图3. 受访者对于微塑料健康效应的了解
图4. 受访者在假设情景下的行为表现
04、原文信息
abstract
microplastics are ubiquitous and have been found in marine environments, organisms, salt, and even human bodies. concern about the impact of microplastics on the ecological environment, as well as the threat of microplastics to food safety and public health is increasing among the society. however, there is currently no effective technical way to tackle and remove microplastics from the environment. thus, public attitudes are key to reducing microplastic emissions. this study investigated the public's perceptions and attitudes towards microplastics in shanghai and used an ordered regression model to explore the public's willingness to reduce microplastics and its influencing factors. we used random face-to-face interviews to complete a total of 437 valid questionnaires. the survey results show that only 26% of the respondents had heard of microplastics before the survey, and the majority were relatively unfamiliar with microplastics. although the public's awareness of microplastics is low compared to that of other substances, when informed with the possibility that microplastics may affect human health, 75% of respondents became worried or even overly worried. in addition, the higher the respondents' knowledge of plastics and microplastics is, the stronger their willingness to behave. public's concern is also an important impact factor. we found that women's willingness to reduce emissions is higher than men's and environmental protection-related practitioners are also more willing to act. therefore, this article focuses on the public's understanding of microplastics to propose measures and policy implications to reduce microplastic emissions during the process of microplastic production and recycling.